bio-fuels
Liquid-fat bio-fuels and vegetable and animal oils
If oils and vegetable fats are used for the production of electrical and thermal energy, the regulation in force is the norm UNI/TS 11163, while if they are used in the autotraction you must refer to the recommendations of the builders of engines.
The specifications are distinguished in relation to the properties, that can be typical or characteristic, sufficiently constant and so characterizing the fuel or variable, influenced by different factors and so requiring a systematic quality control.
Viscosity at 40°C |
Density at 15°C |
Sulphur |
Total sediment |
Water |
Carbonious residue |
Ashes |
Phosphorus |
Flash point |
Pour point |
Cloud point |
Acidity number (TAN) |
Strong Acid Number (SAN) |
Iodine number |
Lower heating value |
Total contamination |
Acidity (neutralization number) |
Oxidative stability (110°C) |
Calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, silicon |
Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen |
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