MATERIALS IN CONTACT WITH FOODSTUFFS

Metals and alloys destined to contact with foodstuffs

All the metal objects or products with metal alloys have to meet the general requirements established by the EC regulation 1935/2004 and national regulation D.P.R. 777 of 23.08.1982 and following modifications. Currently in Europe the metallic  materials are not specifically ruled, whereas in Italy only stainless steel, aluminium, tinplate chrome are ruled.

As follows, we report the list of regulated materials, the law dispositions and the services suggested by Chelab.

STAINLESS STEEL(regulated by MD 21/03/73 and following modifications)

The objects in stainless steel destined to contact with foodstuffs can be produced only with the category of steel present in the positive list of MD 21/03/73 and following modifications.
Depending on the usage which the handmade article is destined, the regulation provides to execute migration tests with different modalities.

If the material is destined  to a contact with all foodstuffs in a prolonged way at  environmental temperature:
  • Overall migration in acetic acid 3% for 10 days at 40°C

If the material is destined to contact with all foodstuffs in conditions of repeated use, of short duration at hot or at environmental temperature:

  • Overall migration in acetic acid 30% for 30 minutes at 100°C at third attack
  • Specific migration of Chromium – on leaching liquid acetic acid
  • Specific migration of Nickel-on leaching liquid acetic acid

 ALUMINIUM (regulated by  DM n°76 of l 18 april 2007)

The regulation establishes :

  • Requirements of purity of aluminium  destined to production of materials and objects destined to alimentary contact,
  • Characteristics of composition of finished objects
  • Specific obligation in matter of labelling.
For this reason Chelab - in addition to providing a valid support for advice of labelling - performs the determination of metals on finished objects to verify the composition whether they are obtained by plastic transformation or by fusion.

TIN PLATE(regulated by MD of 18 February 1984 and following modifications)

The containers in tinplate weld with tin-lead alloy and other means (most of all tins for canning industry) can be produced only with basic steel, covered of tin, lubricants and paints following particular conditions and limitations of use mentioned in the above mentioned regulation.
The verification of the suitability of the finished object is affected by the determination of iron, tin, lead on foodstuffs already packaged.
In case of painted tinplate, the verification of the qualification of the layer destined to contact with foodstuffs is realized on samples obtained from sheets before their transformation in boxes or tins, or on the tinplates before their packaging, using conditions of time and temperature based on the ones expected by MD 21/03/73 for plastic matters.
In case of aqueous simulants, on leaching liquid is performed an extraction of the organic part by chloroform, to remove the inorganic part eventually migrated, obtaining the organic overall migration. Furthermore, the regulation establishes methods to control the presence of possible defects, points of rust, scratches and so on. Since the containers in tinplate are usually covered inside by epoxy phenolic resins we suggest a  short view on compounds BADGE, BFDGE and NOGE that will have to meet the requirements established by Regulation EC 1985/2005 that fixes the restrictions of the use of BADGE, BADGE.H2O, BADGE.2H2O, BADGE. HCl, BADGE.2HCl, BADGE.H2O, BFDGE and NOGE.

As follows, we report the analysis that Chelab performs on painted tinplate destined to come into contact with foodstuffs:


Overall  migrations

Overall  migration organic in water

Overall migration organic in acetic acid

Overall migration organic in ethanol

Overall migration in oil

Specific migration

Specific migration of bisphenol A 

Specific migration of BADGE; BFDGE and derivatives

Others specific migrations  in function of used substances

Analysis of metals

Iron

tin

Lead

CHROME PLATE (regulated by MD n° 243 of 1 June 1988)

The containers painted in chrome plate can be produced only with chrome plate strips, lubricants and paints in accordance with conditions and limitations of use mentioned in the regulation.
The verification of the suitability of the finished object is performed by the determination of chromium and iron on the foodstuffs already packaged. The verification of the suitability of the covering layer can be performed by analysing the containers as they are by filling them (in case of aqueous leaching liquid) or analysing the samples obtained by the same containers (in case of simulant liquid oil).

In the first case, the organic overall migration is calculated; in the second case, we calculate the overall migration. The considerations made for epoxy phenolic resins are valid both for painted tin plate and for chrome plate.

 

Overall  migrations

Overall  migration organic in water

Overall migration organic in acetic acid

Overall migration organic in ethanol

Overall  migration in oil

Specific migration

Specific migration of bisphenol A 

Specific migration of BADGE; BFDGE and derivatives

Other specific migrations in function of used substances

Analysis of metals

Chromium 

Iron

 

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